Teaching+Visual+Literacy

"Teaching Visual Literacy: Using Comic Books, Graphic Novels, Anime, Cartoons, and More to Develop Comprehension and Thinking Skills" Edited by Nancy Frey and Douglas Fisher

Chapter 1 – “Visual Literacy: What You See Is What You Get,” Lynell Burmark · “To be visually literate, they must learn to ‘read’ (consume/interpret) images and ‘write’ (produce/use) visually rich communications.” (5) · average US elementary student watched b/w 5 and 6 hours of TV a day (22,000 hours logged by high school graduation) (6-7) · nerve cells devoted to visual processing = ~30% of brain’s cortex(vs. 8%/touch & 3%/hearing) (7) · images are stored in long-term memory, whereas words are used to //recall// things we have already seen and experienced (11) · Example for classroom: demonstrate understanding of classic texts by creating short comic-book versions… students learn to empathize with characters when they choreograph/stage a scene using digital pictures (12-13) · Color visuals increase willingness to read by up to 80% / enhances learning and improves retention by +75% (15) · Specific colors often evoke predictable responses… use color strategically in classroom presentations to enhance retention and interest (15) · Show the image + narrate the information to anchor the image = most effective PPT (p. 20) · “Unpacking” an image (21) Chapter 2 – “Graphic Novels: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly,” Jacquelyn McTaggart · Graphic novel = most prevalent is trade paperback collection of stories initially published as comic books. Majority of new releases are fantasy. 130-150 pages. (28)   · Action-oriented story lines keep student interest high (29) · Because of short production time, comics on cutting edge of pop culture (28) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Anime/manga = cultural differences to be aware of   · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">All graphic novels are comic books, but not all comic books are graphic novels (31) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Reluctant readers will be drawn to graphics/visuals (32) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ESL students may also benefit (less reliance on text to comprehend) (33) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">For proficient/advanced readers, combine the graphic novel with higher-level thinking writing assignemtn (34) <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Chapter 3 – “Comics, the Canon, and the Classroom,” James Bucky Carter · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Existence of literary canon forestalling introduction of comics into curriculum? (47)   · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Comprehension increases when combining text and visual (48) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Comparing comic books to other graphic instructional resources (i.e. graphic organizer, concept map, flowchart) (49) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Application for many classrooms: social studies (conflict, geography), English (storyboarding) (52) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Elitism/racism at work when denying comics and visual medium a place in the classroom? (55) <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Chapter 4 – “Seeing the World Through a Stranger’s Eyes: Exploring the Potential of Anime in Literacy Classrooms,” Kelly Chandler-Olcott · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">“anime” =Japanese adopted word from the French, later adopted by Americans (63) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Common themes = complexity of romantic relationships/gender identity, influence of supernatural, impact of technology on society, need for environmental awareness, consequences of violence and war (63) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Economic potential s of manga/anime (65) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">“multiliteracies” = framework that views literacy as a design process (66) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Comprehensive pedagogical framework = situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, transformed practice (66-67) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Offers insight into indigenous cusomts, history, and language practice rather than assimilation stories (68) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Classroom application: writing film reviews (76) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Anime as resource for teaching auteur study (79) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">offbeat weirdness that makes you stop and think about things you never even noticed before (86) <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Chapter 5 – “’Literacy Literacy’ and the Role of the Comic Book: Or, ‘You Teach a Class on //What//?’,” Rocco Versaci · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">hierarchy of literacies: critical literacy highest (most empowering to actively participate in democracy) (93) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">joys that reading brings: o <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">losing oneself in another world o <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">grappling with important ideas that become animated through narrative o <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">gaining greater appreciation for those from diverse backgrounds o <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">developing appreciation for a well-crafted artistic statement o <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">desiring to tell stories of one’s own (93-94) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">passive comics can be read at whatever pace the reader desires, so students can spend time focusing on analytical skills of meaning comprehension (96) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">classroom application: “single panel analysis”: describe the visual and textual elements, interpret possible deeper meanings in those elements (97) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">students must engage in “closure” and supply missing information between the “gutters” of the panels… creates intimacy between reader and author (101-102) · <span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 115%;">“teaching is all about risks because the stakes are so high” (107)

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Frey, Nancy, and Fisher, Douglas. //Teaching Visual Literacy: Using Comic Books, Graphic Novels, Anime, Cartoons, and more to Develop Comprehension and Thinking Skills.// Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press, 2008. Print. <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Note: Not appropriate Reference...This is for the book but those are editors not authors each chapter is an essay by a different author

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Chapters 6-9
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Chapter 6: That’s Funny: Political Cartoons in the Classroom** //Thomas DeVere Wolsey (114)//
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">political cartoonists capture emotions and aesthetics in ways that the facts of a news story cannot (114)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a political cartoon can render a reader speechless, invoking an ironic smile, a tear, or a flush of anger (114)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">in most contexts political cartoon = editorial cartoon (114)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**The Political Cartoon**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">political cartoonists think of themselves as journalists and graphic commentators (115)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">some say that the political cartoons are becoming increasingly funny while comics are becoming increasingly political (115)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">political cartoon focuses on the power relations and deployment of authority within and between groups (115)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Cartoonist wants to hit reader over the head with an idea (116)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">window on current events (116)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">what cognitive skills do students need to understand political cartoons?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">symbols, metaphors, analogies, and exaggerations (116)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">students political understandings?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**What Should Students Be Able to Do? What is the Teacher’s Role?**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">analyze a primary source document (117)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Cartoon Thinking (117)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">table 6.1
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">teachers need to help students with background knowledge (118)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">teachers must attend to visual inferences, analogies, symbols, and metaphors (118)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Questions to guide cartoon selection (118)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">does an examination of the cartoon lead to larger issues or concepts of the study?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">does the cartoon have immediate or potential relevance for students?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">do students have the requisite background knowledge to interpret and understand the cartoon?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**A Classroom Example: Thomas Nast**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Figure 6.2 example (119)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Cartoon appeared prior to death of Ulysses S. Grant
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Observe the document’s features (120)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">use background knowledge (120)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Thinking about causes and consequences (120)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">making personal connections (121)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">follow the evidence (122)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Political Cartoons as Mediating Tools (122)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">become more familiar with it enjoy it more
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**That’s a Good Question (123)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">How teachers choose to employ questions is almost as important as the questions they choose (123)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Comparison (124)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">viewer must bring together what is known about the topic and compare that against a vast store of background knowledge (124)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">cartoons invite us to think critically about ourselves, but they also afford students the opportunity to think about the medium of cartooning (125)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Raise your Hand if you Have Something to Say (126)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Draw, Partner (127)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">students who struggle to make sense of the complex world of politics, government, and culture might also draw political cartoons in order to make sense of that world (127)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">students can become comfortable creating visuals
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">students put what they understand into graphic form (127)


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Chapter 7: Learning from Illustrations in Picturebooks** //Lawrence R. Sipe (131)//
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**What are picturebooks like? (132)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Generally a picture book is only 32 pages long (132)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">small amount of page per text
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">high proportion of space devoted to the visual (132)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">relationship of words to pictures is incredibly important, there is a real difference between picturebooks and illustrated books (132)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a picturebook is not simply a book that happens to have pictures (133)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">neither the words nor the pictures could tell the story alone
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">good example: //Where the Wild Things Are (133)//
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Nikolajeva and Scott (2001) suggest that there are five relationships between words and pictures in picturebooks (133)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">symmetry or equivalence between words and pictures
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">complementarity, words and pictures each contribute information
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">enhancement, words and pictures extend the others’ meaning
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">counterpoint, words and pictures tell different stories
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">contradiction, words and pictures blatantly contradict each other
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">interpret words in terms of pictures and pictures in terms of words -- transmediation (134)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">must read/look at all visuals on all pages, literally cover to cover
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Interpreting Visual Information In Picturebooks with Students (135)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Children’s “Reading of Visual Signs”**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">importance and cultural significance of color
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">color can help with tone and mood of book, perspective taking, and enhance the telling of a story (137)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Using the Peritext (137)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a term often used for all the parts of a picturebook that do not include the words of the story or the accompanying illustrations (137)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the front and back covers, the endpapers, title page, dedication page, color, etc
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Understanding Storybook Characters from Illustrations (139)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">character appearance
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">what they wear, short or tall, describe action and movement, characters feelings, thoughts, dispositions and personalities
 * <span style="color: #631b77; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Thought/Question: Are these descriptions often missing from the text as a space saver? Are they often the purpose of the illustration? What kind of feedback and dynamic is required for a child to understand what is not written? How does this change with age?
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">clothing, hairstyle, forefront or background of pictures, setting, physical grouping of characters in illustrations
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Virtual Analysis of Artistic Media (141)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">teachers can ask how do you think this picture was made. picturebooks often include a note about the artwork (141)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">connect to art and other cultural mediums
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**What Educators Can Do to Develop Children’s Visual Interpretation Skills (142)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">the most important thing educators can do to develop children’s visual literacy is to adopt an inquiring stance themselves in relation to picturebooks (142)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">no best way to read picturebooks with students (143)
 * <span style="color: #7e2598; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Thoughts/Comments: There is a really interesting body of research looking at dialogic questioning. This means that when parents read with their children how do they interact, what types of questions do they ask about the book and what is going on? Literally in the words and in the pictures and figuratively with what is not being depicted. This research is branching out into the idea of dialogic questioning with video.
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">teachers should rarely ask questions to which they already know the answer - more suited to testing than teaching (143)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">teachers roles with picturebooks (143-4)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">readers of the text
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">managers and encouragers
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">clarifiers and probers
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">fellow wonderers and speculators
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">extenders and refiners
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">new terms and concepts
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">read a series of stories, different versions and variants (144)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">read a number of books with same illustrator (145)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Picturebooks can be read and studied with any age of children


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Chapter 8: An Irrecusable Offer: Film in the K-12 Classroom** //Lawrence Baines (149)//
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Teachers use film in a very limited way (150)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">read a book/excerpts
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">give a test
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">show movie
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">screening a film w/o comment or analysis is of limited value (15)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">screening a film that has little relationship to the curriculum is educationally indefensible (150)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">evidence suggests teachers use film ineffectively (151)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Teaching Vocabulary Through Film (151)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Lesson Idea (151)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">have students bring in ads, posters or the DVD covers of popular films, replace words in the ad with “target vocabulary words”
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">play a song from the movie and use the new word
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">example (pretty woman) (151)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">show an important movie scene, then show it again w/ the sound off and replace a vocabulary word and have a student say it out loud
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">example (the godfather) (152)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Teaching Grammar Through Film (153)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">show students movie clips with large amounts of slang, jargon, or ellipsis then have them translate the scenes into grammatically correct, easily understandable english (154)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Teaching Critical Thinking Through Film (154)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">have students assess authenticity of a filmed historical event
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">good for interdisciplinary studies
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Teaching Reading and Writing With Film (157)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Screen Test (157)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Lesson Idea (158)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">play 5 different pieces of music, as each piece plays students write about a scene from a book or short story for which the music could serve as a soundtrack (158)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">discuss the music in the context of the novel
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">have students list actors and actresses they see portraying the characters
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">have students write a persuasive essay substantiating why the actors and actresses they chose are best (158)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Using Film to Enhance Students Speaking Skills (161)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">show students clips of great American speakers and film them reading their speeches (161)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Film as an Aesthetic Experience (162)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">having students put images and sound to an original poem or short story


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Chapter 9: It Was Always the Pictures...:Creating Visual Literacy Supports for Students with Disabilities** //Paula Kluth (169)//
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Students with Disabilities and Visual Supports (170)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">many learners labeled with disabilities are clearly visual learners and are best able to learn through visual supports (170)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">providing visual supports is greater insurance that more students/greater variety or learners will be reached (171)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Helpful Strategies: Literacy/Learning Through Visual Information (171)**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Graphic Organizers
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">concept maps, diagrams, advance or cognitive organizers, flow charts, story maps
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Picture Books (different from Picturebooks)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Fascination-Focused Materials
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">work best for students with intense and sometimes interfering interests (students with autism or asperger’s)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Graphic Notes
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Story Kits

<span style="color: #5b5b5b; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; line-height: 14px;"> Further Questions and Comments